01 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners.
02 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice in a large bowl.
03 - Whisk oil, eggs, pumpkin purée, milk, and vanilla extract in a separate bowl until smooth.
04 - Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Avoid overmixing to prevent tough texture.
05 - Beat cream cheese and sugar until smooth. Add egg yolk, heavy cream, cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and vanilla. Beat until creamy and well incorporated.
06 - Scoop pumpkin batter into each muffin liner, filling about 2/3 full.
07 - Drop approximately 1 tablespoon of chai cheesecake filling onto each muffin. Gently swirl with a toothpick to marble the filling into the batter.
08 - Bake for 20-22 minutes until a toothpick inserted into the muffin portion (avoiding the cheesecake center) comes out clean.
09 - Let muffins cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.